Foreign Nationals & Benefits in the UK
Sources: DWP Stat-Xplore (June 2025) · MHCLG Social Housing Lettings (2024/25) · Home Office Asylum Statistics (2025)Quick Reference Facts
Citable figures from official government sources. All data points link to primary sources.
Universal Credit is the UK's main working-age benefit, combining six legacy benefits into one payment. To claim it, a person must be habitually resident in the UK and have recourse to public funds. As of June 2025, 1.26 million foreign nationals were claiming Universal Credit - 16.4% of the total 7.9 million claimants. This is broadly proportionate to the foreign-born working-age population share of approximately 19% (ONS).
The largest group among foreign national UC claimants is EU nationals, accounting for 770,379 claims. Most are citizens of EU countries who have been granted settled or pre-settled status under the EU Settlement Scheme and have full rights to work and claim benefits. Non-EU nationals with indefinite leave to remain (ILR) account for 211,090 claims. Refugees - people whose asylum claim has been granted - account for 118,749 claims; granted refugees have full recourse to public funds, the same as any UK resident.
A common misconception is that asylum seekers receive Universal Credit. They do not. People with a pending asylum claim are subject to No Recourse to Public Funds (NRPF) and cannot access UC, Housing Benefit, or social housing. Instead, they receive Section 95 support - £49.18 per week in 2025 - and may be housed in Home Office accommodation. As of September 2025, 111,651 people were in Home Office-funded accommodation, of whom 36,273 (32%) were in hotels or contingency housing.
NRPF affects an estimated 1.4 million people in the UK - those on work visas, student visas, and many family visas. They pay taxes and National Insurance but cannot access the benefits system. This includes many higher-earning migrants on skilled worker visas. Their UK-born children are British citizens and may be entitled to benefits, but the parents are not.
In social housing, 89% of new lettings in England in 2024/25 went to UK nationals, 4% to EU nationals, and 8% to non-EEA nationals. Eligibility requires either British citizenship, settled status, indefinite leave to remain, or refugee/humanitarian protection status. Recent arrivals on time-limited visas cannot access social housing. The 22% of homeless households with a non-UK head includes primarily those with settled status and refugees exercising their legal rights.
Universal Credit Claimants by Nationality Group (Jun 2025)
Of 1.26 million foreign national UC claimants, EU nationals are the largest group. Asylum seekers are excluded - they receive separate Section 95 support.
UC Claims by Arrival Route (Jun 2025)
The largest share of foreign national UC claims comes from those who arrived to work (35%), not to claim benefits. Arrival route reflects original visa purpose; many will have since settled.
Social Housing Lettings by Lead Tenant Nationality (England, 2024/25)
New social housing lettings by lead tenant nationality. UK nationals receive 89% of new lettings. Non-UK tenants are primarily those with settled status, ILR, or refugee status.
Source: MHCLG Social Housing Lettings in England, Tenants: April 2024 to March 2025 (GOV.UK). Total new lettings: 262,000.