{ "generated_at": "2026-08-27T16:20:49+01:00", "source": "Eurostat migr_eirtn (third country nationals returned following an order to leave, annual, rounded); Eurostat demo_pjan (population on 1 January)", "eurostat_updated": "2026-08-05T23:00:00+0200", "measure": "Third country nationals returned following an order to leave - annual data (rounded)", "comparability_warning": "Eurostat and Home Office return statistics are NOT directly comparable. Eurostat stopped reporting the UK after it left the EU, so UK coverage ends in 2019, and even in the overlapping years the Eurostat figure is on a different basis from the Home Office headline. Compare EU states with each other; treat the UK series as a separate collection.", "rounding_note": "Eurostat rounds these counts to the nearest 5.", "years": [ "2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2015", "2016", "2017", "2018", "2019", "2020", "2021", "2022", "2023", "2024", "2025" ], "eu27_series": { "2013": 160925, "2014": 146360, "2015": 176220, "2016": 202890, "2017": 175085, "2018": 163445, "2019": 164565, "2020": 99345, "2021": 99210, "2022": 95850, "2023": 112815, "2024": 127100, "2025": 156000 }, "eu27_latest_year": "2025", "eu27_latest": 156000, "uk_gap": { "overlap_years": [ "2008", "2009", "2010", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014", "2015", "2016", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "eurostat_last_year": "2019", "comparison": [ { "year": "2008", "eurostat": 47455, "home_office_basis": 37789, "ratio": 1.26 }, { "year": "2009", "eurostat": 64945, "home_office_basis": 42272, "ratio": 1.54 }, { "year": "2010", "eurostat": 53615, "home_office_basis": 45690, "ratio": 1.17 }, { "year": "2011", "eurostat": 53600, "home_office_basis": 44654, "ratio": 1.2 }, { "year": "2012", "eurostat": 54180, "home_office_basis": 46136, "ratio": 1.17 }, { "year": "2013", "eurostat": 54960, "home_office_basis": 46544, "ratio": 1.18 }, { "year": "2014", "eurostat": 49920, "home_office_basis": 41356, "ratio": 1.21 }, { "year": "2015", "eurostat": 51765, "home_office_basis": 43131, "ratio": 1.2 }, { "year": "2016", "eurostat": 47020, "home_office_basis": 40377, "ratio": 1.16 }, { "year": "2017", "eurostat": 38970, "home_office_basis": 32720, "ratio": 1.19 }, { "year": "2018", "eurostat": 34930, "home_office_basis": 24938, "ratio": 1.4 }, { "year": "2019", "eurostat": 30345, "home_office_basis": 19772, "ratio": 1.53 } ], "mean_ratio": 1.27, "note": "Eurostat's UK figures are consistently higher than the Home Office headline basis of enforced plus voluntary returns, because the two collections count different things. This ratio is why a current UK figure must not be ranked directly against current Eurostat figures." }, "country_count": 33, "countries": [ { "geo": "DE", "country": "Germany", "series": { "2008": 14295, "2009": 11900, "2010": 13895, "2011": 14075, "2012": 13855, "2013": 19180, "2014": 21895, "2015": 55340, "2016": 75815, "2017": 47240, "2018": 32140, "2019": 28185, "2020": 15455, "2021": 10785, "2022": 13130, "2023": 15445, "2024": 22005, "2025": 36075 }, "latest_year": "2025", "latest": 36075, "population": 83577140, "per_100k": 43.2 }, { "geo": "UK", "country": "United Kingdom", "series": { "2008": 47455, "2009": 64945, "2010": 53615, "2011": 53600, "2012": 54180, "2013": 54960, "2014": 49920, "2015": 51765, "2016": 47020, "2017": 38970, "2018": 34930, "2019": 30345 }, "latest_year": "2019", "latest": 30345, "population": 66647112, "per_100k": 45.5 }, { "geo": "FR", "country": "France", "series": { "2008": 19470, "2009": 18400, "2010": 17045, "2011": 20425, "2012": 22760, "2013": 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